What potential issues can arise from chronic abuse of N2O?

Chronic abuse of nitrous oxide (N2O) can lead to significant neurological issues, particularly neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency. Nitrous oxide can inactivate vitamin B12, which is essential for the production of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves. A deficiency in vitamin B12 can result in demyelination, leading to neuropathy that manifests as symptoms like numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs. This occurs because the body relies on adequate levels of vitamin B12 for proper nerve function. Over time, continued abuse of N2O can severely compromise neurological health, making it crucial to recognize the risks associated with its misuse.

In contrast, the options related to improved kidney function, increased energy levels, and enhanced cognitive function do not reflect the actual consequences of nitrous oxide abuse. Instead, chronic use can lead to cognitive impairments rather than enhancements and no positive effects on kidney function or energy levels are established with such misuse. Therefore, the association of neuropathy and vitamin B12 deficiency with chronic N2O abuse underscores the serious health risks involved.